Origins of the Jammu and Kashmir Conflict. When India and Pakistan became separate and independent nations in August of 1. In the Partition of India, Hindus were supposed to live in India, while Muslims lived in Pakistan. However, the horrific ethnic cleansing that followed proved that it was impossible to simply draw a line on the map between followers of the two faiths they had been living in mixed communities for centuries. One region, where the northern tip of India adjoins Pakistan and China, chose to opt out of both new nations. This was Jammu and Kashmir. As the British Raj in India ended, Maharaja Hari Singh of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir refused to join his kingdom to either India or Pakistan. The maharaja himself was Hindu, as were 2. Kashmiris were Muslim 7. There were also small minorities of Sikhs and Tibetan Buddhists. Hari Singh declared Jammu and Kashmirs independence as a separate nation in 1. Pakistan immediately launched a guerrilla war to free the majority Muslim region from Hindu rule. The maharaja then appealed to India for aid, signing an agreement to accede to India in October of 1.
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